{"id":9826,"date":"2026-10-20T02:49:11","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T23:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/psikopolitikdergi.com\/?p=9826"},"modified":"2026-10-21T03:54:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T00:54:50","slug":"havasiz-duman-sahasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psikopolitikdergi.com\/havasiz-duman-sahasi","title":{"rendered":"Havas\u0131z Duman Sahas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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R\u00f6portaj<\/strong>: Dr. Ecehan Balta I Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edit\u00f6r<\/strong>: Psikolog Zeynep Oyan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edit\u00f6rden<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MOTUS\u2019un 11 Ekimde ODT\u00dc\u2019de d\u00fczenlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u2018\u2019Disiplinleraras\u0131 Tart\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcnleri\u2019\u2019nde,\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/em>Dr. Ecehan Balta \u2018\u2019COP 31\u2019e Giderken \u0130klim Zirveleri ve Kapitalizm\u2019\u2019 at\u00f6lyesi d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve dergimizin temsilcisi Psikolog Caner \u00d6zdemir, bu at\u00f6lyede birka\u00e7 kez yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla \u2018\u2019<\/em><\/strong>d<\/strong>umans\u0131z hava sahas\u0131\u2019\u2019 yerine, \u2018\u2019havas\u0131z duman sahas\u0131\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/strong> demi\u015fti.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla gelen bu s\u00f6ylem, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok benimsenmi\u015f ve kapitalizmin ekosistem \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahribat\u0131 daha iyi ifade etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015flerdi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir an\u0131ya dayanan bu r\u00f6portaj, ekolojik krizin yaln\u0131zca bireysel sorumluluklar \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, sermaye birikimini ve k\u00e2r\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. S\u00f6yle\u015fi, \u00fcretimin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imi sorgulanmadan ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131sal nedenlerinin ve ger\u00e7ek maliyetlerin kavranamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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1. Ekolojik krizi yaln\u0131zca insan\u0131n do\u011faya verdi\u011fi zarar \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirmek, bu zarara yol a\u00e7an ekonomik sistemi g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rmam\u0131za neden oluyor mu?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cinsan do\u011fay\u0131 tahrip ediyor\u201d dedi\u011fimizde, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015f, tek bir \u00f6zne olarak ele al\u0131yoruz. Oysa herkesin do\u011fayla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki g\u00fcc\u00fc ve y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan korunma imk\u00e2n\u0131 ayn\u0131 de\u011fil. Bir termik santralin nereye kurulaca\u011f\u0131na, bir orman\u0131n maden sahas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine ya da hangi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi ko\u015fullarda \u00fcretilece\u011fine hepimiz e\u015fit bi\u00e7imde karar vermiyoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla soruyu yaln\u0131zca \u201c\u0130nsan do\u011faya ne yap\u0131yor?\u201d diye de\u011fil, \u201c\u00dcretimi kim, kimin hesab\u0131na, hangi ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7in, kimin karar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor?\u201d diye de sormam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalist \u00fcretimde belirleyici ama\u00e7, toplumsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak de\u011fil, sermaye birikiminin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Do\u011fa bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ham madde ve enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmen\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fcretimin at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir alan olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bir i\u015fletmenin k\u00e2r hesab\u0131nda yer almayan kirli hava, zehirlenen su, bozulan tar\u0131m topra\u011f\u0131 ya da hastalanan i\u015f\u00e7iler, toplumun \u00fcstlenmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ek maliyetler. \u00dcstelik rekabet, i\u015fletmeleri daha fazla \u00fcretmeye, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 t\u00fcketimi te\u015fvik etmeye ve maliyetleri ba\u015fkalar\u0131na aktarmaya zorluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m bu nedenle yaln\u0131zca k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimin veya yanl\u0131\u015f teknoloji tercihinin sonucu de\u011fil; \u00fcretimin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imiyle ilgili yap\u0131sal bir sorun. Kapitalizmden \u00f6nce de do\u011fa tahribat\u0131 vard\u0131, kapitalist olmayan toplumlarda da olabilir. Ancak bug\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz krizin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini, h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fini kapitalist birikim ili\u015fkilerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131klayamay\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, insanlar\u0131n bireysel sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Ancak bireysel davran\u0131\u015flardan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez hale getirdi\u011fimizde, sorunun nedenlerini de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 da daraltm\u0131\u015f oluyoruz. Do\u011fayla ili\u015fkimiz yaln\u0131zca t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda m\u00fclkiyet, emek, iktidar ve s\u0131n\u0131f ili\u015fkilerinin konusu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u00c7evre tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda neden insanlar\u0131n sigara t\u00fcketimi, evlerindeki elektrik kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 bu kadar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrken, sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcndeme gelmiyor?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bireyin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmesini istemek, \u00fcretimin nas\u0131l \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fini ve kimin denetledi\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7maktan \u00e7ok daha kolay. \u201cI\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapat, daha az su kullan, daha az t\u00fcket\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde anlaml\u0131 olabilir. Fakat bunlar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ekolojik krizin siyasal bir sorun olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p ki\u015fisel ahlak meselesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine hizmet ediyor. B\u00f6ylece yurtta\u015f, t\u00fcketti\u011fi elektrikten dolay\u0131 sorgulan\u0131rken elektri\u011fin hangi kaynaklardan, hangi \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan ve hangi toplumsal maliyetlerle \u00fcretildi\u011fi arka planda kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Burada \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek kayd\u0131rmas\u0131 var. Bir insan\u0131n evinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemle fosil yak\u0131t temelli enerji altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme karar\u0131 ayn\u0131 etki ve sorumluluk d\u00fczeyinde de\u011fil. Ayr\u0131ca insanlar b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcketim tercihlerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yapm\u0131yor. Is\u0131nmak i\u00e7in do\u011falgaza, i\u015fe gitmek i\u00e7in otomobile, uygun fiyatl\u0131 g\u0131daya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in uzun tedarik zincirlerine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale getirildikleri bir d\u00fczende onlardan tek ba\u015flar\u0131na \u201cdo\u011fru se\u00e7imi\u201d yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 beklemek adil de\u011fil.ki\u015fi ayn\u0131 temel de\u011ferleri savunuyor ama onlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem tercih ediyorsa buna pragmatizm diyebiliriz. \u015eirketlerin \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki etkilerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olmas\u0131nda \u201cye\u015fil boyama\u201d da \u00f6nemli rol oynuyor. Ambalaj\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren, a\u011fa\u00e7 dikme kampanyas\u0131 yapan ya da emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka bir yerde denkle\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen \u015firket, \u00fcretim hacmini ve k\u00e2r hedefini tart\u0131\u015fma d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakabiliyor. \u00dcstelik \u00e7evresel sorumlulu\u011fun t\u00fcketicilere y\u00fcklenmesi, \u015firketlerin kendi \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme zorunlulu\u011funu da zay\u0131flat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bireysel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak elbette gereksiz de\u011fil. Ancak t\u00fcketimin s\u0131n\u0131fsal niteli\u011fini de g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor. \u00d6zel jet kullanan bir insanla i\u015fe gitmek i\u00e7in eski bir otomobile ihtiya\u00e7 duyan bir insan\u0131n t\u00fcketimini ayn\u0131 kefeye koyamay\u0131z. Sorumluluk, yaln\u0131zca t\u00fcketilen miktarla de\u011fil, o t\u00fcketimi belirleyen ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 ve toplumsal ili\u015fkilerle birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benim i\u00e7in as\u0131l sorular \u015funlar: Ger\u00e7ekten neye ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var? Bunu \u00fcretirken ne kadar enerji ve ham madde kullan\u0131l\u0131yor? \u00dcretim karar\u0131n\u0131 kim veriyor ve bedelini kim \u00f6d\u00fcyor? Bu sorular sorulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7evrecilik, \u00fcretim d\u00fczenine dokunmayan bir davran\u0131\u015flar listesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131mdan kimlerin kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bu y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla kimlerin ya\u015famak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za nas\u0131l bir adaletsizlik \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En temel adaletsizlik, kazanc\u0131n belirli ellerde toplan\u0131rken y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n maliyetinin toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Alia\u011fa’y\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Rafineri, petrokimya, demir-\u00e7elik, gemi s\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc, limanlar ve enerji tesisleri onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede birikiyor. Buradaki sorun, \u00e7evreyi kirleten birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z birka\u00e7 tesis de\u011fil; b\u00f6lgenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle a\u011f\u0131r sanayinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirilmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00dcretilen de\u011fer \u015firketlerin bilan\u00e7osuna yaz\u0131l\u0131rken kirli havay\u0131 solumak, sa\u011fl\u0131k riskleriyle ve ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla ya\u015famak i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve b\u00f6lge halk\u0131na kal\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle yerler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u201cfeda b\u00f6lgeleri\u201d ifadesi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131. Yani baz\u0131 co\u011frafyalar\u0131n ve orada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n refah\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir say\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu e\u015fitsizlik s\u0131n\u0131fsal oldu\u011fu kadar co\u011frafi ve toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131. Geliri y\u00fcksek olanlar kirli \u00e7evreden uzakla\u015fabilir, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine daha kolay eri\u015febilir; i\u015f\u00e7iler ve yoksul mahallelerde ya\u015fayanlar ise \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hem tehlikeli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r hem de o i\u015f yerlerinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kirlili\u011fe maruz kal\u0131r. Suya, g\u0131daya ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fim zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcndelik bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n eme\u011fi de artar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ise tarihsel olarak daha fazla fosil yak\u0131t t\u00fcketmi\u015f zengin \u00fclkelerle, krize \u00e7ok daha az katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu halde kurakl\u0131k, sel ve bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urum b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Bu nedenle iklim finansman\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir adalet meselesidir. Zengin \u00fclkelerin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin tarihsel sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmeleri gerekirken, iklim krizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmek zorunda kalan \u00fclkelere yeni bor\u00e7lar y\u00fcklenmesi e\u015fitsizlikleri derinle\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn \u201cye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan yeni maden sahalar\u0131 da bu adaletsizli\u011fi kendili\u011finden ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131yor. Petrol ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karken ayn\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ili\u015fkilerini bu kez lityum, kobalt ya da ba\u015fka mineraller \u00fczerinden yeniden kurarsak yaln\u0131zca y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f oluruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim adaleti, sorumluluklar\u0131n ve y\u0131k\u0131ma maruz kalma bi\u00e7imlerinin e\u015fitsizli\u011fini kabule dayan\u0131r; herkesin e\u015fit derecede sorumlu oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131na de\u011fil. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca \u00e7evresel zararlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131ndansa bu zararlar\u0131 \u00fcreten g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Bir fabrikan\u0131n kapanmas\u0131 ya da \u00fcretimini d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011finde i\u015fsizlik ve ge\u00e7im kayg\u0131lar\u0131 ile ekolojik gereklilikler nas\u0131l birlikte ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu mesele \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u201cEkmek mi, nefes mi?\u201d ikilemiyle \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze konuyor. Oysa bir i\u015f\u00e7iyi, ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamakla sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evreyi korumak aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmaya zorlamak ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir adaletsizlik. Fabrikan\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahribattan en fazla etkilenenler, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman o fabrikan\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve aileleri. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ekolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engel olarak g\u00f6rmek yerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn asli \u00f6znesi olarak kabul etmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adil ge\u00e7i\u015f, kirletici bir tesisi kapat\u0131rken i\u015f\u00e7ilere k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli bir e\u011fitim vermekten ibaret olamaz. \u0130stihdam ve gelir g\u00fcvencesi, toplu pazarl\u0131k haklar\u0131, emeklilik ve sosyal koruma, kamusal yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla yeni ve nitelikli i\u015flerin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgenin temizlenmesi ve yerel halk\u0131n karar s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kat\u0131lmas\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7i\u015fin takvimini ve neyin \u00fcretilece\u011fini yaln\u0131zca \u015firket y\u00f6netimleri belirleyemez. Sendikalar, i\u015f\u00e7iler, yerel halk, bilim insanlar\u0131 ve kamu kurumlar\u0131 birlikte planlamal\u0131. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn maliyeti de i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u0131rt\u0131na de\u011fil, kirlilikten kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flayanlara y\u00fcklenmeli; kamu kaynaklar\u0131 bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc toplumsal yarar do\u011frultusunda desteklemeli.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Burada tarihsel olarak \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretici bir \u00f6rnek var: 1970’lerde Britanya’da Lucas Aerospace i\u015f\u00e7ileri, askeri \u00fcretim yerine toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan yararl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fcretilebilmesi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir alternatif \u00fcretim plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu deneyim bize \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini en iyi tan\u0131yanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca y\u00f6neticiler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bilgi ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bamba\u015fka bir \u00fcretim d\u00fczenine kaynakl\u0131k edebilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Bug\u00fcn de uygun yat\u0131r\u0131m ve planlamayla mevcut sanayi kapasitesini toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131, yenilenebilir enerji altyap\u0131s\u0131 ya da ba\u015fka kamusal ihtiya\u00e7lar i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Elbette her tesisin ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemiyorum. Baz\u0131 \u00fcretimlerin durdurulmas\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclmesi, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ise bamba\u015fka ama\u00e7larla yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi gerekir. Bunun nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n demokratik bi\u00e7imde al\u0131nmas\u0131 esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekoloji hareketinin ve sendikalar\u0131n birlikte m\u00fccadele etmesi bu nedenle \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler olmadan adil bir ekolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemez. Ama ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek de uzun vadede i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi sa\u011flanamaz. Mesele yaln\u0131zca bir fabrikan\u0131n bacas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan duman\u0131 azaltmak de\u011fil, \u00fcretimin amac\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Halklar\u0131n iklim m\u00fccadelesi, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ve \u015firketlerin belirledi\u011fi g\u00fcndemin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme modeline ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle iklim m\u00fccadelesini yaln\u0131zca iklim zirvelerindeki m\u00fczakerelere veya uzmanlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknik raporlara b\u0131rakamay\u0131z. Bu m\u00fczakereler elbette \u00f6nemli; ancak m\u00fczakere masalar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan hedeflerle insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcndelik hayatlar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mesafe var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn suyunu savunmas\u0131, bir i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f yerindeki zehirli ko\u015fullara itiraz\u0131, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n enerji yoksullu\u011fuyla m\u00fccadelesi ya da bir gencin iklim gelece\u011fine ili\u015fkin talebi, birbirinden kopuk \u201cyerel \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131\u201d de\u011fil. Bunlar\u0131 ortak bir siyasal hatta ba\u011flayabilmek gerekiyor. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Bunun i\u00e7in hem yerel d\u00fczeyde k\u00f6k salan hem de \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fma kurabilen, demokratik ve s\u00fcrekli \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelere ihtiya\u00e7 var. Yerel halk meclisleri, sendikalar, meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve g\u0131da egemenli\u011fi hareketleri, feminist \u00f6rg\u00fctler, gen\u00e7lik hareketleri ve ekoloji m\u00fccadeleleri yaln\u0131zca ayn\u0131 bildiriyi imzalayan yap\u0131lar olmamal\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca birbirlerinin taleplerini d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilmeli, birlikte karar alabilmeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 yaln\u0131zca insanlara mikrofon uzatmak olarak de\u011fil, karar ve kaynaklar \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ek s\u00f6z sahibi olmak olarak tarif ediyorum. Yerel m\u00fccadelelerin \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyan ama ortak talepler \u00fcretebilen bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imi \u00f6nemli. B\u00f6yle bir m\u00fccadele, yaln\u0131zca bir maden projesine veya enerji santraline kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalamaz. Enerjinin, g\u0131dan\u0131n, suyun, topra\u011f\u0131n ve \u00fcretimin nas\u0131l \u00f6rg\u00fctlenece\u011fine ili\u015fkin alternatifler geli\u015ftirmeli. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

14-18 Kas\u0131m’da Antalya’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Halklar\u0131n \u0130klim Zirvesi’ni de bu aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Fosil yak\u0131tlardan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve enerji demokrasisini, g\u0131da egemenli\u011fini, do\u011fan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131, sava\u015f ve militarizmin ekolojik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ayr\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar olarak de\u011fil, ortak bir adalet meselesi olarak ele almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buradaki iddia, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin g\u00fcndemine alternatif bir zirve takvimi \u00e7\u0131karmaktan ibaret de\u011fil. Yerel m\u00fccadelelerin birbirini duymas\u0131n\u0131, deneyim ve taleplerini birle\u015ftirmesini ve COP31’de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lanlara kendi yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretmesini sa\u011flamak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim hareketinin toplumsal bir g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in emek m\u00fccadelesiyle, feminist m\u00fccadeleyle, bar\u0131\u015f m\u00fccadelesiyle ve demokratik haklar m\u00fccadelesiyle ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi gerekiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ekolojik kriz atmosferdeki karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, toplumun nas\u0131l \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi ve ya\u015fam \u00fczerinde kimin s\u00f6z sahibi oldu\u011fuyla ilgilidir. Bu nedenle halklar\u0131n iklim m\u00fccadelesi, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yaparken ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn toplumsal \u00f6znesini de in\u015fa eden bir m\u00fccadele olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Ekososyalizm, geleneksel sosyalist kalk\u0131nma anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan hangi noktalarda ayr\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geleneksel sosyalist kalk\u0131nma anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, kapitalizmin \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerini geli\u015ftirip \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fimizde toplumsal kurtulu\u015fun \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z varsay\u0131l\u0131yordu. Sanayile\u015fme, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretim ve ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ilerlemenin temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc say\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Oysa do\u011fa, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ham madde deposu de\u011fil. M\u00fclkiyet bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015fse bile \u00fcretimin ne i\u00e7in, ne kadar, hangi teknolojiyle ve hangi toplumsal ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulanmazsa ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m devam edebilir. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sosyalist deneyimlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda da merkeziyet\u00e7i, \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen uygulamalar ciddi \u00e7evresel tahribata yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bunu g\u00f6rmezden gelemeyiz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekososyalizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mesele, kapitalist b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin meyvelerini daha e\u015fit payla\u015fmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Neyi zenginlik ve ihtiya\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ile ilgilidir. Daha fazla otomobil \u00fcretmek yerine nitelikli ve eri\u015filebilir toplu ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Enerji t\u00fcketimini s\u00fcrekli art\u0131rmak yerine, herkesin enerji hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131rken israf\u0131 ve l\u00fcks t\u00fcketimi de azaltabiliriz. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u0131n verimlilik hesab\u0131 yerine k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin bilgi ve haklar\u0131n\u0131, agroekolojiyi ve g\u0131da egemenli\u011fini esas almak da elimizde. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretimin baz\u0131 alanlarda azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ise art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor. Fosil yak\u0131t \u00fcretiminin, silah sanayisinin ve gereksiz t\u00fcketimi k\u00f6r\u00fckleyen sekt\u00f6rlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclmesi; sa\u011fl\u0131k, bak\u0131m, bar\u0131nma, e\u011fitim, toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ve ekolojik onar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekiyor. Yani mesele genel olarak daha az ya da daha fazla \u00fcretmektense toplumsal olarak neye ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuzu demokratik bi\u00e7imde belirlemektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada merkezi ve demokratik planlamay\u0131 birbirinin kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorum. Fosil yak\u0131tlardan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n, b\u00f6lgesel yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ve kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n genel hedefleri ortak bir plan gerektirir. Ama bu plan\u0131 demokratik k\u0131lacak olan, i\u015f yerlerinde, mahallelerde ve yerel topluluklarda ger\u00e7ek karar yetkisinin bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Toplumsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n merkezi d\u00fczeyde e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcyle yerel d\u00fczeyde demokratik karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek zorunday\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131m da insan eme\u011fi ile do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda. Emek, do\u011fan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran ve onu s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olmaktan ziyade, do\u011fayla kurdu\u011fumuz ili\u015fkinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Bu nedenle eme\u011fin \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi ile do\u011fan\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemeyiz. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen bak\u0131m eme\u011finin, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin \u00fcretim bilgisinin ve yerel topluluklar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme pratiklerinin de\u011feri de burada ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekososyalist d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ne yaln\u0131zca devlet m\u00fclkiyeti ne de piyasan\u0131n \u201cye\u015fil\u201d hale getirilmesidir. \u00dcretim ve b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fczerinde toplumsal denetimi, ekolojik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve e\u015fitli\u011fi birlikte kurma \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. Kapitalizmin b\u00fcy\u00fcme zorunlulu\u011funu sorgulamadan, yaln\u0131zca enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek bu krizi a\u015fabilece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benim i\u00e7in belirleyici \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct \u015fu: Daha \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00fcretip t\u00fcketiyor muyuz de\u011fil, herkesin iyi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011fayla ili\u015fkilerimizi yeniden kurabiliyor muyuz? Ekososyalizm, bu soruya hem bug\u00fcn\u00fcn somut talepleriyle hem de ba\u015fka bir toplumsal d\u00fczen perspektifiyle yan\u0131t verme \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r.


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Foto\u011fraflar: Canva, Refinery29, Daily Mirror<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00f6portaj: Dr. Ecehan Balta I Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Edit\u00f6r: Psikolog Zeynep Oyan Edit\u00f6rden MOTUS\u2019un 11 Ekimde ODT\u00dc\u2019de d\u00fczenlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u2018\u2019Disiplinleraras\u0131 Tart\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcnleri\u2019\u2019nde,\u00a0 \u00a0 Dr. Ecehan Balta \u2018\u2019COP [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":270452333,"featured_media":9843,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"[]","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1635,1867,1367],"tags":[1865,1862,1752,1861,1378,1866,1864,1818,1444,1370],"class_list":["post-9826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekoloji","category-gazeteciler-dosyasi","category-roportaj","tag-dr-ecehan-balta","tag-ekoloji-ve-psikoloji","tag-ekopsikoloji","tag-ekososyalizm","tag-elestirel-psikoloji","tag-iklim-degisikligi","tag-karbon-ayak-izi","tag-kuresel-isinma","tag-politik-psikoloji","tag-psikoloji"],"yoast_head":"\nHavas\u0131z 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